Opioid toxicity If symptoms of opioid toxicity develop in either the mother or the infant, then all codeine containing medicines should be stopped and alternative non-opioid analgesics prescribed.
In severe cases consideration should be given to prescribing naloxone to reverse these effects. Effects such as confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, hallucinations, blurred or double vision or convulsions may occur.
The effects of alcohol are enhanced with this combination. Do not drive or operate machinery if affected. This medicine can impair cognitive function and can affect a patient's ability to drive safely. This class of medicine is in the list of drugs included in regulations under 5a of the Road Traffic Act I'm lucky enough not to get any nausea, but occasionally I will have the mildest of hangovers consisting of a slightly unsettled gut.
Other things Obviously, codeine use can cause constipation, and constipation ain't fun. To minimise this, I always take a mild laxative and plenty of fibre and water during or after using codeine. On internet forums and various other sites I have heard people making reference to the fact that grapefruit juice can be used to potentiate codeine. In my experience this hasn't proven true at all, in fact the few times that I've tried it, it actually seemed to ruin the experience.
Other people suggest a nice synergy between codeine and alcohol but I disagree with this also as I find that alcohol spoils the opiate high and can easily overpower a mild codeine high. I've also heard mention that rectal administration of codeine allows for faster absorption and a stronger high but in reality I have not found this to be true either, unless of course, if you're comparing it to ingesting it on a full stomach.
As I mentioned, codeine on an empty stomach hits me in 8 minutes, rectally it takes 10 to 15 minutes to take effect, plus the discomfort of squirting 80ml of liquid where the sun don't shine is totally not worth it in my opinion. Anther thing worth noting is that I find it quite difficult to sleep after taking codeine.
Instead, 'the nod' seems to take over and I find myself drifting in and out of consciousness rather than sleeping soundly. This can be downright frustrating if all I want to do is get to sleep, especially if I need to get up early! Visual disturbances[ Ref ] Endocrine Uncommon 0.
Antidiuretic effect Frequency not reported: Decreased libido or potency, erectile dysfunction , sexual dysfunction[ Ref ] Psychiatric Uncommon 0. Euphoria, dysphoria, unusual dreams, hallucinations, insomnia, anxiety Frequency not reported: Mood changes, restlessness, confusion, mental depression[ Ref ] Metabolic Frequency not reported: As an analgesic, codeine compares weakly to other opiates.
Related to codeine in other ways are codoxime , thebacon , codeine-N-oxide genocodeine , related to the nitrogen morphine derivatives as is codeine methobromide, and heterocodeine , which is a drug six times stronger than morphine and 72 times stronger than codeine due to a small re-arrangement of the molecule, viz.
Drugs bearing resemblance to codeine in effects due to close structural relationship are variations on the methyl groups at the 3 position including ethylmorphine a. While having no narcotic effects of its own, the important opioid precursor thebaine differs from codeine only slightly in structure. Pseudocodeine and some other similar alkaloids not currently used in medicine are found in trace amounts in opium as well.
History[ edit ] Codeine, or 3-methylmorphine, is an alkaloid found in the opium poppy , Papaver somniferum var. Opium poppy has been cultivated and utilized throughout human history for a variety of medicinal analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal and hypnotic properties linked to the diversity of its active components, which include morphine, codeine and papaverine.
Until the beginning of the 19th century, raw opium was used in diverse preparations known as laudanum see Thomas de Quincey 's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater , and paregoric elixirs , a number of which were popular in England since the beginning of the 18th century; the original preparation seems to have been elaborated in Leiden , the Netherlands around by a chemist named Lemort; in the London Pharmacopoeia mentions an Elixir Asthmaticum, replaced by the term Elixir Paregoricum "pain soother" in The progressive isolation of opium's several active components opened the path to improved selectivity and safety of the opiates-based pharmacopeia.
Codeine is the most widely used opiate in the world, [43] [44] and is one of the most commonly used drugs overall according to numerous reports by organizations including the World Health Organization and its League of Nations predecessor agency. It is one of the most effective orally administered opioid analgesics and has a wide safety margin. While codeine can be directly extracted from opium, its original source, most codeine is synthesized from the much more abundant morphine through the process of O- methylation , [44] [45] through a process first completed in the late 20th century by Robert C.
Corcoran and Junning Ma. Drink 6 to 8 full glasses of water daily to help prevent constipation while you are taking this medicine. Do not use a stool softener laxative without first asking your doctor. Do not stop using codeine suddenly after long-term use, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms.
Ask your doctor how to safely stop using this medicine. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep track of your medicine. Codeine is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if anyone is using your medicine improperly or without a prescription. Do not keep leftover opioid medication. Just one dose can cause death in someone using this medicine accidentally or improperly. Ask your pharmacist where to locate a drug take-back disposal program.
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